The Dollar Gap And The Cold War - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 956 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/04 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Cold War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? While America did not like Communism from an ideological standpoint and they threat of Soviet atomic nukes played a role in leading to the Cold War. The dollar gap played a much bigger role in the Cold War because the Soviet Union would gain more power if the European economies did not improve. America needed Europe to trade with them to keep their capitalist economy going, and both America and the Soviet Union needed Europe to support their economic plans post World War II. With America promoting capitalism and needing Europe to participate in trades to make their economy work. If the American plan to promote European economies through capitalist ideological plans did not work, there would be a good chance that European countries turn to Communist countries to save themselves. Economic stagnation in Europe might strengthen Communist parties and motivate European governments to form closer ties with the Soviet Union (Kershaw, 2018. Lecture). If the European countries turned away from Americas economic plans and became cooperative to the Soviet Unions economic plan, this would most likely result in cutting off trades with America. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Dollar Gap And The Cold War" essay for you Create order During World War II Americas economy was booming. The war raised demand for US exports from $1.6 billion in 1932 to $12.8 billion in 1943 and $14.3 billion in 1944 (Kernshaw, 2018. Lecture). The war also lifted a lot of people in the United States out of unemployment, War industries and the war itself absorbed large number of unemployed workers into either industry or military service (Kernshaw, 2018). However, while America was becoming more assure of a victory for the allies, growing concerns of industries being over-built for what was needed during peacetime. Lowering production would have resulted in mass unemployment, America needed a plan for post-World War II that could serve Americas ability to mass produce and keep their employment levels high. To make sure the United States economy did not slip back into where it was before World War II, the great depression era, Europe needed to buy American products to match the production that the U.S. would be producing. With a fear of going back to economic depression Americas plan was to use foreign aid to seek trade and reforming the world economy to fit the United States needs to achieve economic prosperity (Kolko). The American government plan to give money to countries who did not have a lot of production or money to buy American goods and this plan was called The Marshall plan. Free trade is the basis of capitalism, there must be an exchange of free trade between parties to make the economy work. Having outside entities to purchase American goods that would be just surplus if trade only remained inside the United States was very important to the post World War II economic plans. Americas plan requires that they are at the head of reforming the worlds economy, and they felt that the Soviets as well as communism was a threat to their plan. A Soviet rise to power would put Americas plans of running the world economy at risk. The Soviets saw that America wanted to control the world economy and since Soviets are not capitalists they do not fit into this world economy. A Soviet ambassador said while analyzing the United States policy goals for Post World War II, The foreign policy of the United States, which reflects the imperialist tendencies of American monopolistic capital, is characterized in the post-war period by a striving for world supremacy (Novikov, 1946). The Soviets viewed the United States post-war actions as a plan for world domination through economic policies. Another factor leading to the Cold War was the death of United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Stalin reportedly wrote that he hoped nothing would happen to Roosevelt because they would never do business with somebody like Roosevelt again (Kernshaw, 2018. Lecture). Roosevelts health was declining during World War II so Stalin was obviously worried about him no longer being president and that the person who took over would not be as friendly to Stalins ideas. If Roosevelt had not died, he was much better at dealing with Stalin, even with the differences between the Soviets and United States the Cold War could have been prevented. There was also a possible threat of atomic nuclear war from the Soviets which raised tensions between them and the United States. The U.S. wanted to seek a policy with the U.N. that any country developing nuclear weapons and not submitting to the UN for effective international control is committing an act of war and that by creating this policy would gain the moral support of the world and be able to lead the free world against the soviets (Acheson A Question of Preventive War, Pg. 188-189). This did not play as big of a role as the dollar gap, because the track record for the Soviets not taking risks when it came to war. They were not going to go into warfare with the United States because the risk involved, and it would turn other countries especially in Europe against them. In conclusion, the dollar gap played a significant role in leading to the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. America needed world cooperation into capitalism to make the economic plans work, and the soviets were not pleased and saw it as trying to dominate with economic policy. The passing of then president Franklin D. Roosevelt was also a factor leading to the cold war, as these policies could have been dealt with and better accepted from the Soviets had Roosevelt still been involved. The nuclear threat was not a big factor, as a nuclear war or open warfare would have made dealings with the rest of Europe very difficult for the Soviets.

Factors Affecting Students in Terms of Comprehension and...

Existential counselling is a philosophical form of counselling which addresses the situation of a persons life and situates the person firmly within the predictable challenges of the human condition. Existential counselling considers human living to take place within four dimensions: physical, social, psychological and spiritual. It shows each of these dimensions to be constituted like a force field, within which predictable paradoxes, tensions and dilemmas play out. Human beings can learn to deal with these tensions and conflicts more effectively by facing up to the negatives as well as the positives of their lives, including the tensions of life and death, love and hate, strength and weakness and meaning and absurdity. Best known†¦show more content†¦We may even choose actions that cause harm to ourselves or to others. Reflecting on these behaviours, with the help of a psychologist, gives us insight into the reasons we chose these actions and helps us to learn from our mistakes and make better choices in the future. You do not need to be an ‘existentialist’ to benefit from existential therapy; you need only a desire to be happier and a willingness to reflect upon how your choices are part of the solution. Existential Therapy is an approach to counselling that helps us to understand ourselves, other people and the world we all inhabit together. Existential Therapy helps people to build confidence that they are making good choices. Existential Therapy is not reserved solely for people who suffer from severe psychological problems; it is for everyone who is having trouble making a good decision when they experience the kind of challenges issued by life. Existential Therapy provides an opportunity to explore the world including the dreams, fantasies and spiritual dimensions of our existence. Talking about it helps to identify dilemmas, develop a strategy to deal with them and then grow from the experience. Irvin David Yalom, M.D. (born June 13, 1931), is an American existential psychiatrist who is Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry at Stanford University, as well as author of both fiction and nonfiction. Irvin David Yalom was born June 13, 1931 in Washington DC.[3] About fifteen years prior to his birth in theShow MoreRelatedCognitive Theory And Teaching Vocabulary Enhancement For Various Types Of Learners1620 Words   |  7 PagesVocabulary knowledge and comprehension is crucial. Although there are many different causes for students’ shortfalls in reading comprehension, there are a variety of strategies to improve these deficits (Biemiller, 2006). This paper looks at the many studies performed on strategies for vocabulary enhancement for various types of learners, as well as instructional methods used to increase comprehension in the content areas. 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Definition of Complex Projects-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Complex Projects in Engineering encountering complication while managing a project. Answer: Introduction Project process planning and control in most situations sees engineering encountering complication while managing a project. Any seasoned engineer will know that every project carries with it an 80% chance of encountering a complexity. The complexity is likely to slow a project and require the engineers to develop innovative approaches, solutions, and tools to resolve the problem (Pollack and Remington 2012). For a seasoned engineer, this is what makes the engineering profession thrilling, since you are always encountering hurdles and developing solutions to resolve them delivers true satifaction. Definition of Complex Projects A Complex project is any process, procedure or project which encounters a complication or hurdle making is difficult to execute and complete. The nature, size or type of project does not limit it from being a complex project and complex projects can be found right from ones home to multimillion civil and mechanical engineering projects (Thamhain, 2013). The secret behind these projects is being able to anticipate and resolve the problems without encountering serious delays or even halting the entire project. To understand the versatility of a complex projects two examples shall be discussed below which a better understanding will related to the definitions of complex projects. Household Complex Project Terrace Leaks Many top floor apartments will begin experiencing water seepage and leaks as the building grows older. This is directly related to the roof slab developing cracks over time which allows water to seep into the apartment. Sadly many apartment owners will face major complications related to stopping this water seepage and this will have a direct negative effect on the property value. The situation is even worse if the water seepage finds its way in to the electrical wiring pipes can cause shot circuits within the terrace (Vokey, 2012). Removal of the terrace is not an option and laying additional layers of concrete is not effective resulting in a complex and unresolvable problem for the home owner. Complex Industrial Projects Oil and gas have become a basic energy source most people depend on globally. To reduce and lower transportation costs oil companies lay under-water pipelines to transport the oil and gas. Earthquakes and other natural forces will sometimes damage the pipeline resulting in a serious problem. These are classified as being among the most complex industrial projects due to the nature and location of the pipelines which need maintaince (Wang, Cao, Luan and Zhang 2008). Engineers are forced to work under water using specializes tools and will face serious limitations which hamper the projects. Mapping Project Complexity Complex project surround us in our daily lives making it important to be prepared for such incidents and retain an open and cool mind towards resolving the complication. Only by remaining open minded towards the projects complications can any individual or engineer be able to devise solutions to the problem. Once a problem has been encountered the first step linked to finding a solution is mapping the problem and its complexity. This allows the engineer to understand the extent of the problem thus allowing them to consider approaches to resolve the problem. Mapping the complexity is critical towards understanding the problem and tracing it back to its origin or cause (Gransberg, Shane, Strong and Puerto 2012). This is important as is helps resolve the problem from its source thus preventing such a problem from developing again in future. For an engineer simply replacing a broken part is not the solution but understanding why the part was compromised in the first place allows the engi neer to first resolve the trigger than replacing the broken part which ensures smooth and undisturbed operations. Always look beyond the broken part to understand what causes the part to break in the first place. In some situations, this could be directed identifiable and in other situation requires additional intuition but this is the train a project engineer must have to tackle complex projects and achieve success. Complex Project Tool Development Every project will require certain tools to be used on the project making it important for the engineer to know all available tools so and how they are used so as to utilize them on a project. Tools used on projects are not necessarily limited to hardware used on the project but also include computers, software, robots and another specialized tool (Brinkkemper 1996) An engineer should be able to understand the problem and request for or design a tool to be used on the complex project. Analysis of the Problem The first steel linked to complex project tool development is being able to understand the problem and its causes. This requires the engineer to analysis and studies the problem closely and devises an approach linked to resolving it. Tool Design and Development The Tool development process involved the designing of a new tool or redesigning of existing tools to fix the problem. This could involve using conventional tools, computers as well as robots to handle a scenario (Selby, Treffinger, Isaksen, and Lauer, 2004) There is no limitation related to complex project tool development but in most situations, this tool will be a prototype which would continue being used on the project. Tool Redesign and Refinement Over time the tool will also continue to be redesigned and modified to improve its performance and ability to resolve even more complex problem scenario which may be encounter on the project. Most projects are long terms thus the tools used for each project will continue being utilized throughout the duration of the project. Staff and Engineer Tool Use Training Projects which have long term duration will also require the senior engineer to train staff on how to use the tools developed specifically for the project. This frees the engineer to focus on other areas of the project which may require his attention and would allow the staff and personnel to utilize the tool to resolve the complex problems they encounter on the project. Project problems are only classified as complex when they are new, recurring because not identified and no permanent solution identified (Corbridge, Rugg, Major, Shadbolt and Burton 1994). Once solutions and tools have been designed and developed to resolve the complex problem the issues are classified as just a problem since a solution to resolve it has been identified. Conclusion Process Planning, Control, and effective management require for every engineer to analysis a problem without focusing on its complexity so as to develop an effective solution to the problem. Every project is expected to experience some major complication which would require for tools to be developed to resolve the complex problem. Having the knowledge and experience to utilize computers, software and existing hardware to develop tools to resolve the complex problem are what certifies engineers as a qualified, experienced and capable professional capable of handling even complex projects. References Corbridge, C., Rugg, G., Major, N.P., Shadbolt, N.R. and Burton, A.M., 1994. Laddering: technique and tool use in knowledge acquisition. Knowledge Acquisition, 6(3), pp.315-341. Pollack, J. and Remington, K., 2012. Tools for complex projects. Gower Publishing, Ltd.. Selby, E.C., Treffinger, D.J., Isaksen, S.G. and Lauer, K.J., 2004. Defining and Assessing Problem?Solving Style: Design and Development of a New Tool. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 38(4), pp.221-243. Thamhain, H., 2013. Managing risks in complex projects. Project Management Journal, 44(2), pp.20-35. Vokey, D.E., Detec Systems Llc, 2012. Method and apparatus to detect and locate roof leaks. U.S. Patent 8,319,508. Wang, Z., Cao, Q., Luan, N. and Zhang, L., 2008, April. Development of new pipeline maintenance system for repairing early-built offshore oil pipelines. In Industrial Technology, 2008. ICIT 2008. IEEE International Conference on (pp. 1-6). IEEE